Notes

1. Hodson, WA. Normal and abnormal structural development of the lung. In: Fox RA & WW Polin (Eds.), Fetal and Neonatal Physiology vol 1. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1991.
2. Bearer, Cynthia F. Pediatric developmental toxicology. In: Environmental Medicine. Brooks, Stuart M. et al (Eds). (St. Louis: Mosby,1995), pp.115-128.
3. Weaver VM et al. Benzene exposure, assessed by urinary trans,trans-muconic acid, in urban children with elevated blood lead levels. Env Health Perspec 1996;104:318-23.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Etzel R and Balk S (Eds.). Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health. Elk Grove, Ill: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999.
5. Ernst P, Fitzgerald JM, Spier S. Canadian Respiratory Society, Canadian Asthma Consensus Conference, Summary of Recommendations. Can Respir J 1996;3:89-100 (page 2).
6. Miller W and Hill GB. Childhood asthma. Health Reports. 1998; 10: 9-21. Statistics Canada, Catologue No. 82-003.
7. Leech JA., et al. The Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey: Report of methods and population surveyed. Chronic Dis. Can. 1996; 17: 118-23.
8. Chai S and Bearer CF. A Developmental Approach to Pediatric Environmental Health Children's Environmental Health Network. In: Training Manual on Pediatric Environmental Health: Putting it Into Practice. Children's Environmental Health Network, 1999. Pp. 57-75. Available in PDF format.
9. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Parental smoking and respiratory illness in infancy. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:358-361.
10. Etzel RA, et al. Passive smoking and middle ear effusion among children in day care. Pediatrics 1992;95:670-77.
11. Canadian Pediatric Society. Secondhand cigarette smoke worsens symptoms in children with asthma. CMAJ 1986.
12. Taylor JA and Sanderson M. A reexamination of the risk factors for the sudden infant death syndrome. J Pedatr. 1995;126:887-891.
13. Sandler, DP et al. Cancer risk in adulthood from early life exposure to parents' smoking. Am. J. Pub Health 1985;75:487-492.
14. Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals, 1994.
15. Burge HA. Bioaerosols: Prevalence and Health Effects in the Indoor Environment. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1990; 86:687-704.
16. Montana E et al. Environmental risk factors associated with pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in a Cleveland community. Pediatrics.1997;99: E5.
17. Bates DV. The effects of air pollution on children. Env Health Persp 1995;103 (suppl6): 49-53.
18. Raizenne M et al. Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: pulmonary function. Env Health Persp 1996;104: 506-14.
19. Ontario Medical Association. OMA Position Paper on the Health Effects of Ground-Level Ozone, Acid Aerosols and Particulate Matter, 1998.
20. Spengler JD, et al. Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: air pollution exposures. Env Health Persp. 1996;104:492-9.
21. Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation. The Clean Air Guide: How to Identify and Correct Indoor Air Problems in Your Home, 1998. Cat. No. NH15-83/1998E.
22. Adapted from: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999, op cit. and the Asthma Society of Canada.
23. Three levels correspond with standards outlined in the 'National Ambient Air Quality Objectives' (NAAQO's). The value '25' corresponds to the maximum desirable level while '50' corresponds to the maximum acceptable level and '100' corresponds to the maximum tolerable level.